Over the past few weeks many experts have weighed in on the happenings at the International Criminal Court (ICC). From the arrest of former presidential candidate and Congolese senator Jean Pierre Bemba to the release and appeal of Thomas Lubanga, analysts have voiced their concerns about the fairness or lack thereof of the process that leads the court to decide who is charged and prosecuted.

Many Congolese for example, believe the arrest of Jean Pierre Bemba was politically motivated, particularly seeing that he was charged for crimes in the Central African Republic that were committed while he was participating in a peace conference in South Africa. Moreover, warrants issued against Bosco Ntaganda of the Laurent Nkunda's National Council for the Defense of the People (CNDP)have not been followed through on, even Nkunda himself has warrants issued against him by the Congolese government for crimes against humanity but he appears to benefit from the protection of Rwanda and the West.

Concern has also been raised that Africa is being used as a laboratory for the ICC while more powerful nations such as Russia, China or the US will never see their soldiers brought before the court. Find out more about the debate:

When peace and justice collide (Financial Times)

DR Congo war crimes accused Lubanga kept in detention: court (AFP)

ICC approach risks peacemaking in Darfur (The Guardian)

International Criminal Court’s Trial of Thomas Lubanga “Stayed” (Human Rights Watch)

Brent Stirton provides an in depth interview on NPR's Fresh Air. Below are some highlights and salient points from his interview regarding the conflict in the Congo.

--No conservation authority has been operating in this sector
--Stirton notes that "General Nkunda is all about the appropriation of land." Only through support from Rwanda is Nkunda able to be in the Virunga National Park.
--Just over 700 surviving mountain gorillas in the world today
--In order to resolve the conflict that threatens the Gorillas, certain guarantees need to be made by the Rwandan government
--US State Department can put proper pressure on the Rwandan government to resolve the conflict in the Congo through dialogue

Listen to entire interview with Brent Stirton on Fresh Air

Gorilla Industry Exposed (Again) in Central Africaby Georgianne Nienaber

Are USAID Gorilla Conservation Funds Being Used To support Covert Operations in Central Africa
by Georgianne Nienaber and Keith Harmon Snow

Today would have been Patrice Lumumba's 83rd birthday. Although the Congo is still in the clutches of the enemies of the people of the Congo, hope springs abound that change will come. The people are as driven and focused as ever to realize Lumumba's dream of a Congo free and liberated.

Read more about Lumumba here>>

Today, June 30, 2008, Congo celebrates its 48th year of independence from Belgium. However, for all intents and purposes Congo has not been independent since 1885 when it was given to King Leopold II as his own personal property at the Berlin Conference.

The central question that has dogged the Congo for the past 120 years remains; that is who will control and benefit from Congo's spectacular wealth. Today, Congo remains under tutelage as a result of the West's neo-colonial and/or neo-liberal dictates.

One day and one day soon, the sons and daughters of Congo will be free and liberated.

ABC News reports that Ben Affleck traveled to the Congo three times in the last eight months ostensibly to understand the nature of what the United Nations calls the deadliest conflict in the world since World War Two.

ABC's "Nightline" team accompanied Affleck on his trip to the Congo where he produced a video diary that will be shown on Nightline on Thursday, June 26, 2008 at 11:35 PM EST. The group "traveled through refugee camps, hospitals and clinics, meeting with warlords, relief workers, child soldiers and members of parliament in an effort to better understand" the nature of the conflict in the Congo.

Usually when the mainstream media covers the Congo or Africa in general, the coverage is often devoid of context or history. African conflicts are usually presented as warring "tribes" wantonly killing each other. A mix of alphabet soup rebel groups are usually presented as the ultimate source of the problem, which leads the viewer to the conclusion that the problems are too complex and very little or nothing can be done to resolve the crisis.

A few questions to ask or observations to make when watching tonight's show:

1. Does it come across clearly that the source of the conflict in the Congo is the scramble for Congo's spectacular natural wealth?

2. Are the foreign corporations that are systematically looting the Congo mentioned or identified?

3. Does the report mention that the conflict was triggered by two invasions (1996 & 1998) led primarily by Rwanda and Uganda and backed by the West?

4. Are any articulate Congolese scholars and activists consulted to provide analysis and prescriptions for resolving the crisis in their country?

5. Is Congo's enormous potential presented at all? For example, agricultural experts report that Congo has the agricultural capacity to feed the entire world through 2050 when the world's population is estimated to be 9 billion? ( Click here to read article).

Any attention focused on the Congo is a net positive considering that dead gorillas have generated more interest and concern than millions of dying Congolese. We need to encourage more people to care like Mr. Affleck obviously does, so that the needless suffering in the Congo can be brought to an end. Click here to participate in the discussion.

The United Nations classified rape as a war tactic. The US-sponsored resolution was adopted unanimously by the 15-member council. The report noted that rape is used to displace populations, demoralize the enemy. Rape was declared a crime against humanity.

Various speakers identified former Yugoslavia, Sudan's Darfur region, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Liberia as conflict regions where deliberate sexual violence had occurred on a mass scale.

The report also called on the United Nations to develop procedures to reduce rape by United Nations troops who commit rape during peace keeping missions.

Ban leads call for greater efforts to end ‘silent war’ of sexual violence in conflict

U.N. categorizes rape as a war tactic

Congolese Women Appeal to the United Nations

Since Belgium Foreign Minister Karl De Gucht criticized the Kabila regime for lack of transparency in its dealing with China, human rights abuses and corruption relations have been rocky between the two countries. The critique was leveled in less than diplomatic terms. In fact, it was done like a parent lecturing a child in proclaiming that Belgium had a moral right over the Congo and its leaders. De Gucht exact quote was "I feel that we have not only the right but the moral obligation to say what we think about what is happening in the Congo, and it's not going at all in the right direction."

Kabila's reaction was to recall Congo's ambassador to Brussels and closed its consulate in Antwerp. It is not much of a stretch for Belgium to lay claim over the current crop of leaders in the Congo. Belgium and the international community played more of a role in placing the current leadership in power than the people of the Congo. It was not long ago that former Belgium Foreign Minister and current EU Development Commissioner, Louis Michel declared that Kabila had the right vision for the Congo and soon after being "elected," Belgium was primed to endow president Kabila with a honorary doctorate degree.

Apparently, things have changed since those honeymoon days. The row has exacerbated to the point where Congo has forced Belgium to close two of its consulates in the cities of Bukavu and Lubumbashi.

Former presidential candidate and vice president of the Congo was arrested on Saturday, May 24, 2008 in Beligum by Belgian authorities serving an international court warrant. Forty-five year old Bemba was arrested as a result of charges (four counts of war crimes and two counts of crimes against humanity) brought against him by International Criminal Court Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo in May 2007.

During the midst of the conflict in the Congo, Bemba's rebel group, the Congo Liberation Movement (MLC in French) was accused of mass rape, pillaging and torture in neighboring Central African Republic while protecting former President Ange Felix Patasse from rebel attacks in 2002 led by Francois Bozize who is now President of the former French colony.

Bemba may be held for 60 - 90 days in Belgium before being transferred to the International Criminal Court in the Hague. Bemba has been in exile in Portugal for over one year, even though he was elected to the Congolese senate after having lost the presidential race to rival Joseph Kabila. Bemba is in exile because he feared for his life after clashes with Kabila's presidential guard in March of 2007.

Kengo Wa Dondo, president of the Congolese senate maintains that Bemba is still a member of the Congolese parliament and will await the decision of the Belgians who are holding Bemba. Francois Mwamba of the MLC has called for the immediate and unconditional release of their party's leader. Contrary to proclamations from diplomats and experts the removal of Bemba from the Congolese political seen will deal a crucial blow to the MLC.

The more important question for the international community is how they square arresting Bemba for crimes committed in Central African Republic in 2002 when they are consorting with Larent Nkunda and dressing him up in suits while his troops continue to commit human rights abuses and violently rape women today in the Congo? The atrocities being committed by Nkunda's men far outstretch anything ever done by Bemba. Congolese people cannot help but find this whole affair duplicitous whereby Rwanda and its allies continue to be left off the hook and protected at the highest levels of Western governments and buttressed by humanitarian groups and think tanks in Washington while the Congolese people continue to suffer and die.

The truth of the matter is that Rebel leaders dating back to 1996 have the blood of Congolese people on their hands. Although not widely reported in the media it is these rebels that western backers have thrown their financial and material resources behind at the expense of the non-violent pro-democracy forces and the people of the Congo. It was no accident that Jean Pierre Bemba and Joseph Kabila wound up in a run-off for the presidency in 2006.

Key Sources:
International Criminal Court Statement

The United Nations (UN) has had a checkered history in the Congo, since the role it played in the removal and subsequent assassination of Patrice Emery Lumumba, Congo's first elected Prime Minister, in the 1960s. (see Thomas Kanza's Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba and Kwame Nkrumah The Challenge of Congo).

It is often stated that the United Nations Mission in Congo (known by its French acronym, MONUC), has the largest U.N. peacekeeping troops in the world at almost 18,000. Although, factually correct, it is a misleading statement. The UN presence is paltry in a country the size of Western Europe compared to other parts of the world (see below chart).



Although the United Nations spends over $1 billion per year to maintain a presence in the Congo, that presence has been plagued with numerous missteps and wrongdoings. UN troops have been involved in the raping and prostitution of Congolese women and girls and of late, have been accused of smuggling natural resources and selling weapons to rebel groups. See below the latest articles, reports and statements regarding the UN presence in the Congo.
1. UN: Tackle Wrongdoing by Peacekeepers: Investigation Division Ignores Gold Smuggling and Arms Trading in Congo
2. Human Rights Watch Letter to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon (PDF)
3. Head of UN Mission in Congo Denounces Trafficking Allegations
4. INTERVIEW-Congo abuse charges unfair, may hurt peace role -UN
5. UN troops 'armed DR Congo rebels'
6. Mission Impossible (BBC)
7. Congo spotlight on India and Pakistan

The ability of Congo to provide electricity for the entire African continent and have enough left over to export to Southern Europe and the Middle East is legendary. It appears that steps are being accelerated in order to bring this vision to fruition. However, as is almost always the case when it comes to Congo, the central question is who will benefit? As has been the case since 1885, things do not look good for the Congolese people.

Click here to find the grand Inga Dam!

1. Banks meet over £40bn plan to harness power of Congo river and double Africa's electricity

2. Grand Inga, Grand Illusions?

3. Congo's Inga power projects seek new lease of life

4. World Energy Council Facilitates Action On The Inga Hydropower Projects

5. Scramble to Dam the Congo Keeps Africans in the Dark

6. Will Italy, Israel and Egypt Benefit From Congo's Hydro Power At The Expense Of The Congolese People?

7. Will Italy, Israel and Egypt Benefit From Congo's Hydro Power At The Expense Of The Congolese People? (AUDIO VERSION)

8. Inga Hydroelectric Facility